Top 12 Project Management Methodologies (2025) Overview 

Project management methodologies are frameworks that combine principles, tools, and practices to guide your projects from inception through completion.

This systematic and structured approach is your roadmap for delivering projects on time and within budget while maintaining quality standards through standardized workflows and enhanced communication.

As defined by the Project Management Institute’s (PMI) PMBOK Guide (6th Edition), a project management methodology is:

The PMBOK Guide typically uses “methodology” in this way — referring to the organized set of methods applied to manage a project.

The core purpose of this framework is to guide teams through the all the way to a successful project delivery. We talk more about what is project management in our other comprehensive guide.

Implementing a structured approach greatly enhances your project’s likelihood of achieving its objectives. The right method will make a huge impact in:

The types of project management methods are traditional, Agile, advanced, and hybrid. Each of the covered project management approaches has its core principles, frameworks, and best use cases.

Project managers should keep in mind that choosing the right method isn’t a rule-of-thumb thing. Also, there’s another massive list of methods and tools for managing projects on our blog, you might want to check that out as well.

Now that you know everything you should about the importance of using the right PM method, we’ll first give you a detailed overview and then teach you how to choose and implement the best-structured approach for your project.

Let’s start with the classics.

The most used project management methods are Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, and Kanban. Since there isn’t a rule of thumb as to which one to choose, we’ll give you a detailed overview of each one, along with its pros, cons, best tool recommendations, and use cases.

No worries, we’ll get to the more advanced and hybrid approaches later.

What is Waterfall methodology?

Waterfall is a linear project management method where each phase must be fully completed before the next begins.

The sequential approach requires you to:

When should you use this method?

You should use Waterfall when you’re managing projects with clearly defined requirements and minimal expected changes. This method has a structured, sequential approach where each phase—from requirements gathering through maintenance—must be completed before progressing to the next.  

The linear framework of this traditional method is the best fit for maintaining strict budgets and deadlines through extensive upfront planning. It’s important to understand that this same rigidity can become a limitation when your project demands flexibility or iterative adjustments.  

We talk more about this in our Waterfall PM guide.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Avoid Waterfall if your project needs flexibility, frequent updates, or if requirements are likely to evolve after work begins. Since it’s so fixed and strict, you can’t make last-minute adjustments; if you do, you’ll end up derailing the project.

What are the best tools for implementing the Waterfall methodology?

Tools like Productive, Microsoft Project, and GanttPRO are the best fit for managing Waterfall’s structured, phase-by-phase workflow.

What is Agile methodology?

Agile is a flexible project management method based on iterative cycles, where work is divided into short sprints. This project management framework focuses on continuous improvement and adapting to changing requirements.

This approach breaks your project into short sprints—typically lasting two to four weeks—where teams develop, test, and refine deliverables based on ongoing stakeholder feedback.

At its core, Agile’s values and principles prioritize collaboration over contracts, working solutions over documentation, and embracing change rather than following rigid plans.

The “iterative development” part means that you’ll:

When should you use this method?

You should use it when you’re managing projects with evolving requirements or uncertain outcomes.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Avoid this approach if your project demands strict structure, fixed deliverables, or regulatory requirements that don’t allow for frequent changes.

What are the best tools for implementing Agile methodology?

The best for this approach tools are Jira, Trello, and Productive since all of them support Agile workflows (like Scrum sprints and Kanban boards).

What is Scrum methodology?

Scrum is a subset of Agile that organizes work into short sprints with defined roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner. It uses structured ceremonies to drive collaboration and deliver incremental value.

The idea behind this approach is to transform abstract Agile principles into a concrete, sprint-based framework where work progresses through fixed time periods of one to two weeks. This method has clear roles like:

These elements work together to create transparency, cultivate collaboration, and enable your colleagues to deliver value piece-by-piece while adapting to changing requirements throughout the project lifecycle.

This methodology transforms project delivery through:

When should you use this method?

You should use Scrum on projects that require fast, iterative progress, close collaboration, and regular feedback in a project with shifting priorities.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Avoid using this approach if your colleagues lack experience with Agile practices or if the project scope and requirements won’t change and everything is fixed.

What are the best tools for implementing Scrum methodology?

Jira, ClickUp, and Productive are top tools for managing Scrum workflows, sprint planning, and task management.

What is Kanban methodology?

Kanban is a visual project management method that organizes project tasks on a board to show their status and focuses on continuous workflow improvement by limiting work-in-progress and refining processes based on real-time data.

The method’s visual workflow management transforms how teams track and complete tasks by displaying work items on boards that clearly show each task’s current status and progression.

The idea here is to regularly evaluate workflow metrics, identify bottlenecks, and systematically refine daily processes based on real-time data rather than predetermined schedules.

These boards consist of:

When should you use this method?

Use Kanban when you need to visualize work, manage ongoing tasks without strict deadlines, and improve efficiency through gradual, data-driven changes.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Don’t use this method if your project requires fixed timelines, rigid schedules, or structured phases rather than a continuous flow.

What are the best tools for implementing Kanban methodology?

Trello, Kanbanize, and Jira are leading specialized tools for setting up and managing Kanban boards and workflows. Productive can also be an amazing Trello alternative.

If you want to learn more about this approach, have a look at our detailed Kanban guide.

The more advanced PM frameworks are Lean Methodology, Six Sigma, PRINCE2, Critical Path Method, and Critical Chain Project Management. They go beyond the traditional approaches and are a better fit for more complex organizational challenges.

Again, each framework has its specific pros and cons, but it’s up to you to understand the method and your project to best know how and when to use it. Just like with the previous batch, here’s a detailed overview:

What is Lean methodology?

Lean project management methodology focuses on eliminating waste, streamlining workflows, and maximizing value by continuously improving processes. It was originally developed as a part of Toyota’s Production System.

The core principles of this approach are:

When should you use this method?

Use Lean when you want to boost efficiency, cut down excess effort or resources that shouldn’t be used, and deliver consistent value in controlled environments that benefit from ongoing process refinement.

You should mostly use it in manufacturing (whether you’re building something on an assembly line or sprint-based code development).

When you shouldn’t use it?

Don’t use the Lean project management methodology if your organization resists continuous change or if short-term deadlines don’t allow for slower improvements.

What is the Six Sigma methodology?

Six Sigma is a data-driven method that uses the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control)framework to reduce defects, control variability, and improve processes to achieve near-perfect quality standards.

This PM method uses statistical analysis and data-driven decision-making to identify root causes and implement sustainable solutions. When you combine this approach with Lean methodologies, you’ll maximize efficiency while maintaining exceptional quality.  

Your organization’s trained professionals, designated as Green and Black Belts, will lead transformative projects that reduce variability and enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement initiatives.

When should you use this method?

You should use this method when you require high levels of precision, consistency, and measurable improvements to achieve the project goals.

When you shouldn’t use it?

The method isn’t for your project if you lack the time, data, tech, or trained personnel needed for its detailed statistical analysis and structured problem-solving.

What are the best tools for implementing the Six Sigma methodology?

Specialized tools for implementing the method are Minitab, SigmaXL, and JMP. Alternatively, you can use Productive to track every bit of your project data and get advanced analysis on costs, progress, performance, costs, and so much more.

What is the PRINCE2 methodology?

PRINCE2 is a structured project management method that has seven principles, themes, and processes. It provides clear roles, responsibilities, and a step-by-step approach from project start to finish.

The seven steps of PRINCE2 are:

When should you use this method?

You should use PRINCE 2 in complex project environments, where you need strong project control, well-defined processes, and clear accountability.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Don’t use PRINCE2 if your project needs flexibility or rapid changes that don’t align with its formal, process-heavy structure.

What are the best tools for implementing the PRINCE2 methodology?

Tools like PRINCE2 templates, Microsoft Project, and Sciforma help support PRINCE2’s structured project planning and control needs.

What is the Critical Path Method?

Critical Path Method (CPM) is a PM technique that maps out task dependencies to identify the longest sequence of activities, showing the shortest possible time to complete a project. This technique uses Gantt charts to visualize task schedules and dependencies, making it easier to spot bottlenecks and track progress.

When should you use this method?

You should use CPM when you’re managing projects with multiple interconnected project tasks that require clear critical task prioritization and where it’s super important to stay on schedule with the development cycle.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Project managers should avoid using CPM if their projects are small, simple, or lack clearly defined task dependencies.

What are the best tools for implementing the Critical Path Method?

Productive, Microsoft Project and Primavera P6 are widely used for creating Gantt charts and managing CPM schedules.

What is Critical Chain Project Management?

Critical Chain Project Management is a PM method that builds schedules (chains of critical tasks) based on resource availability and protects timelines with strategically placed buffers, emphasizing resource flow over strict task order.

It focuses on resource optimization rather than just task sequences.

To be more specific, this approach focuses on:

When should you use this method?

Project managers should stick with CCPM if they manage projects that have limited resources and tight timelines.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Don’t use this approach if your project priorities shift frequently or if your project team doesn’t work well with disciplined buffer and resource management.

What are the best tools for implementing Critical Chain Project Management?

Again, use a tool like Productive that can help you keep track of strict timelines and tight buffers. Alternatively, you could go with specialized CCPM tools like ProChain, Sciforma, and CCPM+.

Hybrid and specialized methodologies offer tailored solutions for unique project challenges. The most popular approaches are:

Below is a breakdown of each hybrid approach.

What is Scrumban?

Scrumban is a hybrid methodology that combines Scrum’s structured sprint planning with Kanban’s continuous flow and visual task management to create a workflow that’s flexible and adaptive to change.

The three biggest benefits of this Agile approach are:

When should you use this method?

Project managers should use Scrumban in dynamic environments where disciplined sprints are mandatory, but workloads and priorities change often.

When you shouldn’t use it?

You definitely shouldn’t use Scrumban if your project schedule has strict deadlines or if your project task priorities get changed often.
  
What are the best tools for implementing Scrumban?

Similar to Scrum and Kanban, you should use tools like Jira, Trello, and ClickUp to manage Scrumban boards and combine sprint and flow-based work.

What is Extreme Programming (XP)?

Extreme Programming is an Agile software development method focused on rapid releases, continuous feedback, and engineering practices like pair programming and test-driven development to deliver high-quality software.

When should you use this method?

XP should be used by software development teams that need maximum responsiveness to changing requirements. It’s best suited when working with small to medium-sized teams that prioritize customer satisfaction through continuous feedback loops.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Avoid XP at all costs if your developers lack experience with Agile frameworks or if your project requires strict documentation and rigid execution schedules.

What are the best tools for implementing Extreme Programming (XP)?

The best software tools for implementing this method are Jira, GitHub (with CI/CD pipelines), and TestRail because they support XP’s fast release cycles and testing-focused workflows.

What is an Adaptive Project Framework (APF)?

Adaptive Project Framework (APF) is a change-driven and flexible PM approach that uses iterative planning, continuous stakeholder involvement, and self-organizing teams to handle evolving requirements.

Let’s break that down a little bit:

When should you use this method?

You should stick with APF when there’s a lot of uncertainty in your projects (like rapidly changing product requirements or innovation-driven goals). It’s mostly used in the software industry.

When you shouldn’t use it?

Don’t go with APF if you’re dealing with fixed outcomes, strict timelines, or a stable scope from the beginning.

What are the best tools for implementing the Adaptive Project Framework?

The best tools for implementing APF are Productive, Jira, and Wrike because they can manage iterative planning and dynamic collaboration.

To choose the right project management methodology, you’ll need to assess your project’s type and complexity. Factor in your team’s skills and experience to make sure they can work within the chosen framework.

Then, align the methodology with your industry’s compliance needs and your organization’s strategic goals to ensure it supports both day-to-day execution and long-term success.

Keep in mind that choosing and implementing the right PM technique depends on various factors that you genuinely need to understand before you commit to the implementation.

The top three factors in choosing a PM method are project type, complexity level, and team dynamics. When you’re doing the evaluation, you should take into account that:

Beyond the characteristics of your projects, your team’s composition and capabilities shape which method you’ll use most effectively. Here, you’ll need to assess your team’s skills carefully; Agile demands adaptability and quick learning, while traditional approaches require strong documentation abilities. 
 
You should also consider stakeholder involvement requirements. In case you’re managing complex projects with a lot of dependencies, you might choose the Critical Path Method. Always match your methodology to your team’s strengths for the best results.

Your industry’s unique requirements and organizational objectives serve as critical anchors when selecting a project management methodology. You’ll need to align your choice with:

Project management method implementation starts with matching the methodology to your project’s size and complexity. Before you commit to implementation, you should absolutely set clear roles and responsibilities (this part is super important, especially for structured frameworks).

When the roles are set and the method is decided, you should choose a project management tool that fits the required workflow. That’s also super important because you really need a reliable tool to streamline communication and task tracking.

Use the tool to run regular retrospectives to spot improvements early and document key metrics to track progress and keep your team aligned.

Here’s a short PM technique implementation checklist:

Project management methodologies matter because implementing them properly enhances your team’s efficiency by establishing clear workflows that eliminate redundant tasks. They bring structure to progress.

When you standardize your project processes through these frameworks, you’re creating repeatable patterns that reduce confusion, minimize errors, and enable team members to focus on creating value rather than figuring out what to do next.

As said before, these methodologies help you identify and mitigate risks early, which can prevent costly delays and budget overruns that threaten project success. Below is a short breakdown of the benefits:

Project management methodologies introduce structured frameworks that transform chaos into efficiency. This, in turn, makes coordination smoother and unclear processes more straightforward.

You’ll enhance efficiency through:

When you standardize ongoing project processes (or operations), you create a foundation that transforms individual successes into organizational excellence.

The goal here is to reduce errors and ensure consistency across all initiatives. These PM frameworks clearly define roles and responsibilities so that your team understands what’s expected of each member.  

By following structured approaches to project execution, you’ll deliver predictable results that enhance stakeholder satisfaction through on-time, within-budget completions.  

While standardized processes create organizational consistency, they also help identify and eliminate potential threats before they derail your project goals. Popular project management methodologies effectively reduce risks through:

You’ve explored a detailed overview project management methodologies, from traditional frameworks to hybrid approaches. When it’s time to select the best PM approach, your choice depends on project complexity, dynamics, and organizational culture.

Don’t hesitate to adapt methodologies as circumstances evolve. Start with one framework, measure its effectiveness, and refine your approach based on results.

Remember, the best methodology isn’t necessarily the most popular—it’s the one that aligns with your team’s capabilities and project requirements, while delivering consistent and measurable outcomes.

The tools you use play a huge part in the way you execute projects. If you want to keep all execution, communication, collaboration, progress reporting and task tracking under one roof – book a short 30-min demo with Productive.

The three most commonly used PM methodologies are Waterfall, Agile, and Scrum.

The four types are Traditional (Waterfall, PRINCE2), Agile (Scrum, Kanban), Advanced (Lean, Six Sigma, CCPM), and Hybrid (Scrumban, Adaptive Project Framework).

The five widely recognized project management methodologies are Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, Kanban, and Lean.